Aula 10 - Present continous; simple past

1. Present Continous

We have learned about ''Simple Present'', that says an action that happens on present time. But, we have to understand how to explain an action or state that is happening in the same moment.
For this, we always have it:

verb to be (pres.) + verb - ing

Ex: I am working now.
      We are going. 

Question form: Are you working now? (Remember that ''verb to be'' in questions comes first than pronoum)
Affirmative form: Yes, I am working now.
Negative form: No, I am not working now.


2. Simple Past

Used for say a thing that happened and overed in the past.
For asking:

Did you come here? (Did is past of ''do''. It is a aux.verb, indicating an action in past)
Yes, I came here. (CAME is a verb in past)
No, I did not come here. (''Did'' comes to the sentense with ''not'', and ''come'' is on present, because of ''did'', that is past)

* Form of verb

We always have a verb in past form on ''Simple Past''. But, the verbs is divided in IRREGULAR and REGULAR verb. Some of there are irregular, and others are regular.

Regular verb: the verbs that are regular always comes -d (or -ed) after the verb. For example:

I lived in Miami.
I stopped driving here.

________ observation ________

• Verbos já terminados em E apenas ganham o D: dance = danced
• Verbos terminados em consoante+y, perdem o Y e ganham IED: study = studied.
• Verbos terminados em vogal+y, apenas ganham ED: play = played.
• Verbos terminados em consoante+vogal+consoante e cuja última sílaba seja a tônica, dobram a última consoante e ganham ED: stop = stopped

___________________________

Irregular verb: they have all forms. Don't have a specific rule to know. Below, we have a list of verbs. (Obs: the third column is other thing. At this moment, forget it. Look for the first and second column). Image capted on https://irregularverbsforus.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/verboos_11.jpg)

AULA 2 - OBJECT PRONOUMS; INFINITIVE VERBS

1. Object pronoums

We have the personal pronoums (I, You, He, She, It, You, We, They). They are used only on the beggining of the sentense.

Example: You are beautiful. (Você é bonita) 
(Observe that ''YOU'' is on the beggining of the sentense / first word)

But, some cases, we have to use pronoums on the middle or on the final part of the sentense. In this case, we can not use personal pronoums!!! But what can we use? In this case, we have Object Pronoums. Let's see.

I - me
You - you
He - his
She - her
It - it
You - you
We - us
They - them

We use object pronoums to indicate something or someone.

Example: I like to visit Maria. (Eu gosto de visitar Maria.)
                I like to visit she. (The pronoums ''she'' won't be stayed at the over of the sentense, nor                                                       other personal pronoums, only object pronoums.)
                I like to visit her. (Eu gosto de visitá-la.)



2. Infinitive verbs

Infinitive verbs are ''neutral verbs'', which verbs can be conjugated. They are together with ''to''.

To be - ser / estar
To drink - beber
To like - gostar
To eat - comer
To repeat - repetir
To use - usar
To sleep - dormir
To walk - andar
To want - querer
To wish - desejar
etc.............. Of course, we have a lot of verbs. We put only 10 just to give sample example. While the class are passing, we will learn new verbs and these structure on the sentense.

Example: I drink. (Eu bebo.)
                They sleep. (Eles dormem.)